Dr. Sean Leo specializes in cartilage repair surgery, bringing over 25 years of orthopedic experience to each case. He adopts a personalized, evidence-based approach and uses minimally invasive techniques where suitable to help relieve knee pain, support joint function, and restore mobility.
Cartilage injuries involve damage to the smooth tissue that lines the surfaces of bones within a joint, helping to ensure smooth and pain-free movement. In the knee, this includes both the articular cartilage and the meniscus, which cushion the joint and absorb shock during activity.
These injuries may result from sudden trauma—such as a direct impact or twisting motion—or develop gradually due to repetitive stress or age-related wear and tear. Understanding the symptoms of a cartilage injury is important for early detection and timely specialist assessment, especially since cartilage has limited ability to heal on its own.
Early evaluation by a knee specialist can help determine the extent of damage and guide the most appropriate treatment approach, which may include conservative care or surgical intervention to protect long-term joint health.
Pain is usually felt along the joint line and may be triggered by activities like squatting or twisting. Swelling often appears within 24–48 hours of injury and may persist if left untreated
The area around the knee may become tender to the touch due to inflammation, especially when pressing along the joint.
Individuals may find it difficult to fully bend or straighten the knee. This stiffness can interfere with everyday activities such as kneeling, climbing stairs, or standing up from a chair.
A damaged cartilage surface or meniscus can disrupt the smooth motion of the joint, causing the knee to catch, click, or lock during movement.
Some may experience a feeling of instability or that the knee gives way, particularly during quick directional changes or walking on uneven ground.
Cartilage injury treatment depends on the severity and location of the damage. Mild cases may be managed with rest, physiotherapy, and activity modification. For more serious injuries, advanced options like cartilage repair, regeneration procedures, or minimally invasive surgery may be recommended to restore joint function and prevent long-term damage.
Cartilage repair surgery may be necessary for individuals with significant cartilage damage that does not improve with conservative treatments. Factors that suggest the need for surgery include:
Early evaluation by an orthopedic specialist is essential to determine if surgery is the best option based on the type and severity of the injury.
Recovery from cartilage repair surgery typically takes 3 to 6 months, depending on the severity of the injury, the surgical technique used, and individual healing. A structured rehabilitation program is crucial for optimal recovery.
The recovery process generally follows these phases:
Initial phase (0–2 weeks)
Focuses on protecting the repair site, managing swelling, and starting gentle movement with crutches or a brace.
Early rehabilitation (2–6 weeks)
Involves increasing range of motion and starting light strengthening exercises under medical supervision.
Intermediate phase (6–12 weeks)
Aims to restore strength, balance, and functional movement for daily activities.
Return to activity (3–6 months)
Patients may resume low-impact sports and other activities, guided by their orthopedic specialist.
Regular follow-ups and adherence to the rehabilitation plan are essential for the best results.
Cartilage repair surgery has shown strong success rates, particularly in younger, active individuals and when the tear is in a well-vascularized area. Success depends on factors like the type of tear, patient profile, and adherence to rehabilitation.
Key outcomes of a successful surgery include:
Factors such as the surgeon’s expertise, accurate diagnosis, the patient’s age and activity level, and commitment to rehabilitation can all influence success. While re-tears or the need for revision surgery can occur, many patients experience long-term improvements and can return to daily activities or sports.
The cost of cartilage repair surgery varies depending on the complexity of the procedure and individual insurance coverage. Dr. Sean’s clinic staff will discuss the specific cost details with you after your consultation if you choose to proceed with surgery. They are experienced in assisting with applications for letters of guarantee from various insurance panels and corporate insurance plans.
Factors influencing the cost include:
The clinic will provide a clear breakdown of the costs based on your treatment plan and insurance coverage.